[nafex] Fwd: PAECILOMYCES ROT, APPLE

FYI from ProMed mail

PAECILOMYCES ROT, APPLE - USA: (NEW YORK), NEW DISEASE
******************************************************
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<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases <http://www.isid.org>

Date: Mon 2 Apr 2018
Source: WHCU News Talk Radio [edited]
<http://whcuradio.com/news/025520-apple-mold-confounds/>


A mold found in more than a 3rd of the soil samples from New York State apple orchards is causing a new disease, spoiling apples, even after heat pasteurization. The state is the top producer of processed apple products and they all rely on pasteurization.

Cornell's Kathie Hodge and Megan Biango-Daniels investigated the origins of a newly discovered apple disease called Paecilomyces Rot, caused by the common fungus found in 34 per cent of state orchards.
Previously, scientists believed the fungus was coming from soil contamination, but Hodge and Biango-Daniels believe other infected apples are the primary source.

Since this new apple disease appears similar in appearance to others, the scientists suggest apple producers isolate any of the fruit with wounds or bruising in order to avoid the spread of Paecilomyces Rot.

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[The fungus causing this new disease has been identified as _Byssochlamys lagunculariae_ (previously _Paecilomyces niveus_; see source link below). The external fruit rot develops mainly in storage after harvest and symptoms appear to be similar to fruit rots due to other fungi. Susceptibility may vary somewhat between apple cultivars.
The fungus survives in orchard soils and on decaying plant material.

The significance of this report is stated as (1) the production of a mycotoxin, and (2) the fungus remaining infectious after commercial pasteurisation. Spores are reported to be tolerant of temperatures of up to 90 degrees Celsius [194 F] and are suspected to be the cause of spoilage of canned products, leading to severe economic losses for the affected apple producers. This pathogen also appears to facilitate secondary infections by other fungi.

Other species in the genus _Byssochlamys_ are also known to produce mycotoxins and form heat resistant ascospores. They have been reported from soils in many areas and can cause problems, for example, in grapevine and tomato products.

Maps
USA:
<http://www.mapsofworld.com/usa/>
Individual states via:
<http://www.mapsofworld.com/usa/states/>

Pictures
Apple with paecilomyces rot:
<http://news.cornell.edu/sites/default/files/styles/breakout/public/2018-03/0329_apple.jpg>
_B. lagunculariae_, microscopy:
<https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jos_Houbraken/publication/41669957/figure/fig4/AS:202806704250901@1425364295000/Byssochlamys-lagunculariae-a-d-Conidiophores-e-conidia-f-asci-and-ascospores-Bys.png>

Links
Additional news story and source study (accepted for publication):
<http://news.cornell.edu/stories/2018/03/new-apple-disease-spoils-even-
pasteurized-foods> (thanks to G. Jackson, Pestnet) and
<https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/PDIS-12-17-1896-RE>
Information on genus _Byssochlamys_ and associated diseases:
<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC243237/>,
<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2789542/> and via <https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/byssochlamys>
_B. lagunculariae_ taxonomy and synonyms:
<http://www.speciesfungorum.org/GSD/GSDspecies.asp?RecordID=512557>
and
<http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=512557>.
- Mod.DHA]

[See Also:
2017
----
Crown & root rot, apple - USA: (eastern)
http://promedmail.org/post/20170821.5263568
2012
----
Fungal diseases, apple - USA: (NY, MI)
http://promedmail.org/post/20120906.1282861
2005
----
Canker and twig dieback, apple, pear - USA (WA) http://promedmail.org/post/20051015.3001]
.................................................sb/dha/ec/dk

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[nafex] Prairie series american persimmons

Checking to see if anyone has any experience with the 'prairie' series of
american persimmons? Prairie dawn, prairie star, prairie sun...
(trademarked). Didnt see any notes when I searched back messages. Im really
liking how easy american persimmons are to grow- very reliable bearing and
little pest issues. Looking for good varieties and I saw these in the one
green world catalog.

Jono
Massachusetts

*Jono Neiger, Principal*
Regenerative Design Group
1 Chevalier Avenue
Greenfield, Massachusetts 01301
web. regenerativedesigngroup.com
tel. 413-658-7048

Author of The Permaculture Promise, Storey Publishing, 2016
*https://permaculturepromise.com/ <https://permaculturepromise.com/>*
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Re: [nafex] Seeking Dan Bussey

608.751.2546

Lee Reich, PhD
Come visit my farmden at
http://www.leereich.com/blog <http://www.leereich.com/blog>
http://leereich.com <http://leereich.com/>

Books by Lee Reich:
•The Ever Curious Gardener: Using a Little Natural Science for a Much Better Garden
•A Northeast Gardener's Year
•The Pruning Book
•Weedless Gardening
•Uncommon Fruits for every Garden
•Landscaping with Fruit
•Grow Fruit Naturally

> On Mar 2, 2018, at 6:04 PM, Gary Woods <garygarlic@earthlink.net> wrote:
>
> Anybody have contact info for Dan Bussey, apparently now the former
> manager of the Seed Saver's Exchange heritage orchard in Decorah, IA?
> A friend was in touch with him to get scionwood of some at-risk
> varieties, but got the "no longer with us" response.
>
>
> ---
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[nafex] Seeking Dan Bussey

Anybody have contact info for Dan Bussey, apparently now the former
manager of the Seed Saver's Exchange heritage orchard in Decorah, IA?
A friend was in touch with him to get scionwood of some at-risk
varieties, but got the "no longer with us" response.


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http://www.avg.com

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Re: [nafex] International Fruit & Nut Enthusiasts & Breeders

That's always been the case with this list. There was a long time when if you googled my name, you found the list archives (with my email info). It seems less problematic now than in the past, since spam is a less serious problem than it used to be.

Ginda

> On Jan 22, 2018, at 11:02 PM, Spidra Webster <spidra@gmail.com> wrote:
>
> Someone just contacted me as a result of finding this blog and I was a bit
> shocked to see that listmembers' email addresses are occasionally published
> in full in these blog posts. I appreciate there being an archive, but I'm
> certain that some of us wouldn't want our email addresses publicly
> available to people who are not subscribed to this list.
>
> Thank you,
>
> Megan Lynch
>
> On Thu, Dec 29, 2016 at 2:52 PM, Lawrence London <lfljvenaura@gmail.com>
> wrote:
>
>> This is an alternative message archive mirror for this nafex mailing list,
>> a Google Blogger blog.
>> It is complete from 2014 to the present.
>>
>> International Fruit & Nut Enthusiasts & Breeders
>> http://ifneb.blogspot.com/
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Re: [nafex] International Fruit & Nut Enthusiasts & Breeders

Someone just contacted me as a result of finding this blog and I was a bit
shocked to see that listmembers' email addresses are occasionally published
in full in these blog posts. I appreciate there being an archive, but I'm
certain that some of us wouldn't want our email addresses publicly
available to people who are not subscribed to this list.

Thank you,

Megan Lynch

On Thu, Dec 29, 2016 at 2:52 PM, Lawrence London <lfljvenaura@gmail.com>
wrote:

> This is an alternative message archive mirror for this nafex mailing list,
> a Google Blogger blog.
> It is complete from 2014 to the present.
>
> International Fruit & Nut Enthusiasts & Breeders
> http://ifneb.blogspot.com/
> __________________
> nafex mailing list
> nafex@lists.ibiblio.org
> Northamerican Allied Fruit Experimenters
> subscribe/unsubscribe|user config|list info:
> http://lists.ibiblio.org/mailman/listinfo/nafex
>
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[nafex] More US plant pathology in ProMed

Cherry virus post in ProMed

See below - links at end of post

2. PRO/PL> Cherry viruses - USA: spread (promed@promedmail.org)



CHERRY VIRUSES - USA: SPREAD
****************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases <http://www.isid.org>

Date: Thu 28 Dec 2017
Source: Washington Ag Network [edited]
<http://www.washingtonagnetwork.com/2017/12/28/cherry-viruses-moving-washington-oregon/>


Researchers at Oregon State University [OSU] have discovered that many of the viruses that have plagued the cherry growers in Washington [see ProMED-mail post http://promedmail.org/post/20140127.2233739] have moved to Oregon: viruses like cherry leaf roll virus, tomato ringspot, tobacco ringspot and little cherry disease.

OSU's Jay Pscheidt said it's important for growers to not ignore problems, look for symptoms and work with labs that can test for these diseases. "Our next step is to find out how prevalent they are."
Removal of viruses that you don't know are there is obviously quite difficult.

[Byline: Kevin Rounce]

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Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
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[Around 30 viruses have been found to affect sweet (_Prunus avium_) and/or sour (_P. cerasus_) cherry trees, singly or in coinfections.
Many of them also affect other _Prunus_ species.

Of the viruses mentioned above, _Cherry leafroll virus (CLRV), _Tomato ringspot virus_ (ToRSV) and _Tobacco ringspot virus_ (TRSV) all belong to genus _Nepovirus_. On cherry, CLRV and TRSV mainly cause leaf symptoms as indicated by their names, ToRSV has also been associated with stem pitting. Generally, members of the genus are transmitted by nematodes, but most can also be transmitted by mechanical means, with infected planting and grafting material and to varying degrees by seed and pollen.

Little cherry disease (LCD) is a serious problem for sweet and sour cherry producers in parts of northern Europe and North America. It can be caused by 2 closteroviruses, _Little cherry virus 1_ (LChV-1, not yet assigned to a genus) and LChV-2 (genus _Ampelovirus_), in single or mixed infections. Symptoms vary with host cultivars, but may include reduced size and quality of fruit, premature leaf reddening, stunting of seedlings and some loss of tree vigour. All commercial cherry cultivars are susceptible, and ornamental flowering cherries can be asymptomatic reservoirs of LChV-1. LChV-2 is transmitted by mealybug vectors which can be spread by wind and with packing material. An insect vector for LChV-1 is not known. Both viruses can be spread by both shoot and root grafting and with infected plant material.

Disease management for fruit tree viruses may include phytosanitation in orchards, use of certified clean planting stock and budwood, elimination of inoculum (removal of infected trees) and vector control if feasible.

Maps
USA:
<http://www.mapsofworld.com/usa/usa-state-and-capital-map.html>
Individual states via:
<http://www.mapsofworld.com/usa/states/>

Pictures
LCD symptoms:
<https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/sites/gateway/files/Cherry%201_0.jpg>,
<http://treefruit.wsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/little-cherry-disease-andrea-bixby-brosi.png>,
<http://www.bctfpg.ca/files/leaf(1).jpg> and <http://agriculture.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/image/0006/273867/LChV2_leaves_web.jpg>
LCD affected cherry seedlings:
<http://www.forestryimages.org/images/768x512/0656032.jpg>
LCD photo gallery:
<http://www.forestryimages.org/browse/subimages.cfm?sub=11205>
Cherry leafroll disease:
<http://plantdoctor.pbworks.com/f/Cherry%2520stunt%2520leaf%2520roll%2520brubaker.jpg>
and
<http://pbt.padil.gov.au/pbt/files/uall/CLRV_symptoms2.jpg>
(coinfection with _Prunus necrotic ringspot virus_, compared to
healthy)
CLRV, electron micrograph:
<http://www.dpvweb.net/dpvfigs/d306f07.jpg>
Some cherry virus symptoms via:
<https://www.ipmimages.org/browse/Areathumb.cfm?area=127>

Links
Additional news stories:
<http://www.thedalleschronicle.com/news/2018/jan/05/tree-virus-discovered-td/>
and
<http://koin.com/2017/12/12/researchers-hope-to-prevent-cherry-viruses-in-oregon/>
Information on little cherry disease and viruses:
<http://www.plantwise.org/KnowledgeBank/Datasheet.aspx?dsid=16072>,
<https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/plant-biosecurity/little-cherry-disease-pest-data-sheet>,
<http://www.bctfpg.ca/pest_guide/info/128/> and <http://www.slideshare.net/treddout/little-cherry-virus-2>
Information on CLRV:
<http://www.dpvweb.net/dpv/showdpv.php?dpvno=306> and <http://pbt.padil.gov.au/pbt/index.php?q=node/20&pbtID=151>
Information on ToRSV:
<http://www.dpvweb.net/dpv/showdpv.php?dpvno=290>
Information on TRSV:
<http://www.dpvweb.net/dpv/showdpv.php?dpvno=309>
Information on various cherry viruses:
<https://pnwhandbooks.org/plantdisease/host-disease/cherry-prunus-spp-virus-induced-cherry-decline>
and
<https://www.sag.gob.cl/content/detection-virus-and-virus-diseasbs-fruit-trees>
Current list of cherry viruses:
<https://openagrar.bmel-forschung.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/Document_derivate_00008980/Classification%20of%20pome%20and%20stone%20fruit%20viruses.pdf>
Virus taxonomy via:
<https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/>
- Mod.DHA

A HealthMap/ProMED-mail map can be accessed at:
<http://healthmap.org/promed/p/106>.]

[See Also:
2015
----
Tomato ringspot virus, pomegranate - Italy ex USA
http://promedmail.org/post/20151118.3799622
2014
----
Plum pox virus, sour cherry - Russia: new strain
http://promedmail.org/post/20140621.2555998
Little cherry disease - Australia (02): LChV-2, 1st rep (TS)
http://promedmail.org/post/20140304.2309952
Little cherry disease - Australia: (TS) susp
http://promedmail.org/post/20140205.2255550
Little cherry disease - USA: (WA)
http://promedmail.org/post/20140127.2233739
Plum pox virus - Japan, Canada
http://promedmail.org/post/20140410.2394198
2011
----
Prunus necrotic ringspot virus - Saudi Arabia: (JF) 1st rep
http://promedmail.org/post/20110530.1649
2010
----
Plum pox virus, stone fruit - Canada: (ON) update
http://promedmail.org/post/20100406.1101
2007
----
Plum pox virus, stone fruit - USA (NY): quarantine
http://promedmail.org/post/20070727.2417
Plum pox potyvirus, stone fruit - USA (MI): quarantine
http://promedmail.org/post/20070504.1449
2005
----
Cherry green mottle virus, sweet cherry - Poland
http://promedmail.org/post/20051209.3554
2004
----
Cherry virus A, little cherry virus-1 - Poland
http://promedmail.org/post/20040822.2337
2003
----
Tree fruits, viruses, viroids - Syria: survey
http://promedmail.org/post/20030817.2055
2002
----
Little cherry virus, sweet cherry - Canada
http://promedmail.org/post/20021201.5940
2001
----
Cherry virus A, sweet cherry - UK
http://promedmail.org/post/20010822.1982
and additional items on cherry viruses in the archives] .................................................sb/dha/msp/ml


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End of ProMED Digest, Vol 67, Issue 21
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