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Cherry virus post in ProMed

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2. PRO/PL> Cherry viruses - USA: spread (promed@promedmail.org)



CHERRY VIRUSES - USA: SPREAD
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Date: Thu 28 Dec 2017
Source: Washington Ag Network [edited]
<http://www.washingtonagnetwork.com/2017/12/28/cherry-viruses-moving-washington-oregon/>


Researchers at Oregon State University [OSU] have discovered that many of the viruses that have plagued the cherry growers in Washington [see ProMED-mail post http://promedmail.org/post/20140127.2233739] have moved to Oregon: viruses like cherry leaf roll virus, tomato ringspot, tobacco ringspot and little cherry disease.

OSU's Jay Pscheidt said it's important for growers to not ignore problems, look for symptoms and work with labs that can test for these diseases. "Our next step is to find out how prevalent they are."
Removal of viruses that you don't know are there is obviously quite difficult.

[Byline: Kevin Rounce]

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Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[Around 30 viruses have been found to affect sweet (_Prunus avium_) and/or sour (_P. cerasus_) cherry trees, singly or in coinfections.
Many of them also affect other _Prunus_ species.

Of the viruses mentioned above, _Cherry leafroll virus (CLRV), _Tomato ringspot virus_ (ToRSV) and _Tobacco ringspot virus_ (TRSV) all belong to genus _Nepovirus_. On cherry, CLRV and TRSV mainly cause leaf symptoms as indicated by their names, ToRSV has also been associated with stem pitting. Generally, members of the genus are transmitted by nematodes, but most can also be transmitted by mechanical means, with infected planting and grafting material and to varying degrees by seed and pollen.

Little cherry disease (LCD) is a serious problem for sweet and sour cherry producers in parts of northern Europe and North America. It can be caused by 2 closteroviruses, _Little cherry virus 1_ (LChV-1, not yet assigned to a genus) and LChV-2 (genus _Ampelovirus_), in single or mixed infections. Symptoms vary with host cultivars, but may include reduced size and quality of fruit, premature leaf reddening, stunting of seedlings and some loss of tree vigour. All commercial cherry cultivars are susceptible, and ornamental flowering cherries can be asymptomatic reservoirs of LChV-1. LChV-2 is transmitted by mealybug vectors which can be spread by wind and with packing material. An insect vector for LChV-1 is not known. Both viruses can be spread by both shoot and root grafting and with infected plant material.

Disease management for fruit tree viruses may include phytosanitation in orchards, use of certified clean planting stock and budwood, elimination of inoculum (removal of infected trees) and vector control if feasible.

Maps
USA:
<http://www.mapsofworld.com/usa/usa-state-and-capital-map.html>
Individual states via:
<http://www.mapsofworld.com/usa/states/>

Pictures
LCD symptoms:
<https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/sites/gateway/files/Cherry%201_0.jpg>,
<http://treefruit.wsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/little-cherry-disease-andrea-bixby-brosi.png>,
<http://www.bctfpg.ca/files/leaf(1).jpg> and <http://agriculture.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/image/0006/273867/LChV2_leaves_web.jpg>
LCD affected cherry seedlings:
<http://www.forestryimages.org/images/768x512/0656032.jpg>
LCD photo gallery:
<http://www.forestryimages.org/browse/subimages.cfm?sub=11205>
Cherry leafroll disease:
<http://plantdoctor.pbworks.com/f/Cherry%2520stunt%2520leaf%2520roll%2520brubaker.jpg>
and
<http://pbt.padil.gov.au/pbt/files/uall/CLRV_symptoms2.jpg>
(coinfection with _Prunus necrotic ringspot virus_, compared to
healthy)
CLRV, electron micrograph:
<http://www.dpvweb.net/dpvfigs/d306f07.jpg>
Some cherry virus symptoms via:
<https://www.ipmimages.org/browse/Areathumb.cfm?area=127>

Links
Additional news stories:
<http://www.thedalleschronicle.com/news/2018/jan/05/tree-virus-discovered-td/>
and
<http://koin.com/2017/12/12/researchers-hope-to-prevent-cherry-viruses-in-oregon/>
Information on little cherry disease and viruses:
<http://www.plantwise.org/KnowledgeBank/Datasheet.aspx?dsid=16072>,
<https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/plant-biosecurity/little-cherry-disease-pest-data-sheet>,
<http://www.bctfpg.ca/pest_guide/info/128/> and <http://www.slideshare.net/treddout/little-cherry-virus-2>
Information on CLRV:
<http://www.dpvweb.net/dpv/showdpv.php?dpvno=306> and <http://pbt.padil.gov.au/pbt/index.php?q=node/20&pbtID=151>
Information on ToRSV:
<http://www.dpvweb.net/dpv/showdpv.php?dpvno=290>
Information on TRSV:
<http://www.dpvweb.net/dpv/showdpv.php?dpvno=309>
Information on various cherry viruses:
<https://pnwhandbooks.org/plantdisease/host-disease/cherry-prunus-spp-virus-induced-cherry-decline>
and
<https://www.sag.gob.cl/content/detection-virus-and-virus-diseasbs-fruit-trees>
Current list of cherry viruses:
<https://openagrar.bmel-forschung.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/Document_derivate_00008980/Classification%20of%20pome%20and%20stone%20fruit%20viruses.pdf>
Virus taxonomy via:
<https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/>
- Mod.DHA

A HealthMap/ProMED-mail map can be accessed at:
<http://healthmap.org/promed/p/106>.]

[See Also:
2015
----
Tomato ringspot virus, pomegranate - Italy ex USA
http://promedmail.org/post/20151118.3799622
2014
----
Plum pox virus, sour cherry - Russia: new strain
http://promedmail.org/post/20140621.2555998
Little cherry disease - Australia (02): LChV-2, 1st rep (TS)
http://promedmail.org/post/20140304.2309952
Little cherry disease - Australia: (TS) susp
http://promedmail.org/post/20140205.2255550
Little cherry disease - USA: (WA)
http://promedmail.org/post/20140127.2233739
Plum pox virus - Japan, Canada
http://promedmail.org/post/20140410.2394198
2011
----
Prunus necrotic ringspot virus - Saudi Arabia: (JF) 1st rep
http://promedmail.org/post/20110530.1649
2010
----
Plum pox virus, stone fruit - Canada: (ON) update
http://promedmail.org/post/20100406.1101
2007
----
Plum pox virus, stone fruit - USA (NY): quarantine
http://promedmail.org/post/20070727.2417
Plum pox potyvirus, stone fruit - USA (MI): quarantine
http://promedmail.org/post/20070504.1449
2005
----
Cherry green mottle virus, sweet cherry - Poland
http://promedmail.org/post/20051209.3554
2004
----
Cherry virus A, little cherry virus-1 - Poland
http://promedmail.org/post/20040822.2337
2003
----
Tree fruits, viruses, viroids - Syria: survey
http://promedmail.org/post/20030817.2055
2002
----
Little cherry virus, sweet cherry - Canada
http://promedmail.org/post/20021201.5940
2001
----
Cherry virus A, sweet cherry - UK
http://promedmail.org/post/20010822.1982
and additional items on cherry viruses in the archives] .................................................sb/dha/msp/ml


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End of ProMED Digest, Vol 67, Issue 21
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